Best Time to Visit Greenland: The Best & Worst Times to Visit
Timing is key for an unforgettable Greenland trip. This guide helps you plan your Arctic adventure. You’ll learn about Greenland’s climate and seasonal offerings.
Greenland’s peak season is June to September. Temperatures can reach the low 50s Fahrenheit. You’ll enjoy long daylight hours and maybe see the midnight sun.
Summer is perfect for outdoor activities and wildlife watching. Cruise ship excursions are also popular during this time.
Winter in Greenland lasts from October to April. Temperatures can drop to -15°F. It’s the best time to see the Northern Lights.
Winter is cheaper with lower flight prices and fewer tourists. However, outdoor activities are limited during this season.
Greenland offers unique experiences in both summer and winter. Understanding the seasons helps you plan your perfect Arctic trip.
Overview of Greenland’s Climate and Seasons
Greenland’s 2.1 million km² offers a unique climate guide for travelers. This Arctic wonderland has a massive ice sheet covering 80% of the land. Its diverse regions experience dramatic weather shifts throughout the year.
Arctic Weather Patterns
Greenland’s Arctic location shapes its weather. Summer temperatures average 6.9°C in July. Winter lows reach -12°C from January to March.
Humidity ranges from 59% in December to 74% in August. Strong föehn winds can hit 80 mph, especially in autumn and winter.
Regional Temperature Variations
Greenland’s travel seasons vary across regions. Southern Greenland enjoys milder summers, with temperatures up to 20°C. Winter averages are around -18°C.
The northeast is an Arctic Desert, getting less rain than the Sahara. Southern areas receive about 900 mm of yearly rainfall.
Impact of Latitude on Climate
Two-thirds of Greenland lies within the Arctic Circle, greatly affecting its climate. This causes midnight sun in summer and long darkness in winter.
These light conditions create unique experiences. Summers are perfect for hiking, while winters offer Northern Lights viewing and dog sledding.
| Season | Temperature Range | Key Features |
|---|---|---|
| Summer (Jun-Aug) | 5°C to 20°C | Midnight sun, hiking, sailing |
| Winter (Dec-Apr) | -9°C to -50°C | Northern lights, dog sledding |
| Spring | Variable | Snowmelt, lengthening days |
| Autumn | Cooling temperatures | Northern lights, whale watching |
Best Time to Visit Greenland for Different Activities
Greenland offers unique experiences all year round. Each season brings its own special charm. Your ideal time to visit depends on what you want to do.
Summer Adventures (June-August)
Summer is perfect for outdoor activities in Greenland. Temperatures range from 3°C to 7°C (37°F to 45°F). It’s great for hiking, kayaking, and whale watching.
The Midnight Sun creates long days for sightseeing and photography. June 21st is Greenland’s National Day, adding cultural excitement to your trip.
Winter Experiences (October-February)
Winter in Greenland offers a magical landscape and unique activities. Temperatures drop to around -20°C (-4°F). It’s ideal for dog sledding and seeing the Northern Lights.
The Polar Night provides a stunning backdrop for these adventures. In early December, don’t miss the Great Greenlandic Christmas Market.
Shoulder Season Opportunities
Spring (March-May) and fall (September-October) have milder weather and fewer tourists. These seasons are great for photography. Temperatures range from -8°C to 1°C (18°F to 34°F).
The Arctic Sounds Festival in April is a highlight. In October, you can join the Polar Circle Marathon.
| Season | Temperature Range | Key Activities | Notable Events |
|---|---|---|---|
| Summer (Jun-Aug) | 3°C to 7°C | Hiking, Kayaking, Whale Watching | National Day (June 21), Midnight Sun Marathon |
| Winter (Oct-Feb) | -20°C to -2°C | Dog Sledding, Northern Lights Viewing | Great Greenlandic Christmas Market |
| Spring (Mar-May) | -8°C to -1°C | Photography, Snowmobiling | Arctic Sounds Festival, Nuuk Snow Festival |
| Fall (Sep-Oct) | -2°C to 1°C | Hiking, Northern Lights Viewing | Polar Circle Marathon |
Summer in Greenland (June to August)
Summer transforms Greenland into an Arctic playground for adventure seekers. From June to August, the Land of the Midnight Sun enjoys nearly 24 hours of daylight. This unique phenomenon offers visitors extraordinary experiences in the Arctic landscape.
Greenland’s summer brings milder temperatures and better accessibility compared to winter. Wildlife enthusiasts can spot humpback whales, seals, and Atlantic puffins along the coast. The UNESCO World Heritage site, Ilulissat Icefjord, showcases massive icebergs calving from glaciers.
Summer activities flourish during this season. Hiking trails open up, revealing stunning views of fjords and glaciers. Kayaking and boat tours let visitors explore Greenland’s dramatic coastline up close.
Cultural festivals in towns and villages offer insights into local traditions. These events enhance the travel experience, providing a deeper understanding of Greenlandic culture.
Summer is the busiest time to visit, so book accommodations and tours early. Temperatures remain cool, rarely exceeding 10°C (50°F). Pack layers to adapt to changing weather conditions.
With proper planning, a summer trip to Greenland promises unforgettable Arctic adventures. You’ll witness natural wonders and create lasting memories in this unique northern destination.
The Phenomenon of Midnight Sun
The midnight sun is a captivating sight in Greenland. This marvel occurs north of the Arctic Circle. The sun stays visible for 24 hours during summer months.
Duration and Best Viewing Locations
The midnight sun’s duration varies by location. In Qaanaaq, Greenland’s northernmost town, it lasts about three and a half months.
Ilulissat experiences bright nights for two months. Nanortalik in the south sees up to 20 hours of daylight.
| Location | Midnight Sun Duration |
|---|---|
| Qaanaaq | 3.5 months |
| Ilulissat | 2 months |
| Sisimiut | 1 month |
| Nanortalik | Up to 20 hours daylight |
Impact on Travel Plans
The midnight sun changes Greenland’s summer and winter experiences. It allows for longer outdoor activities and unique photo chances. Visit between mid-May and late July to see this amazing event.
Photography Opportunities
Photographers can capture stunning landscapes in golden light all day. The long “golden hour” is perfect for shooting fjords, icebergs, and Arctic flowers.
Don’t forget to pack neutral density filters. They’ll help manage the extended daylight exposure.
Winter Season Highlights (October to February)
Greenland’s winter offers a unique Arctic adventure for brave travelers. From October to February, temperatures drop below freezing. This creates the perfect setting for unforgettable seasonal activities.
Northern Lights Viewing
Winter is the best time to see the Northern Lights in Greenland. Long, dark nights provide ideal conditions for watching the aurora borealis. Visitors can join guided tours or explore on their own to see this amazing sky show.
Dog Sledding Adventures
Dog sledding is an exciting way to explore Greenland’s snowy landscapes. Late winter and early spring offer the best conditions for this traditional transport. Glide across frozen fjords and through untouched wilderness with skilled mushers and their tough sled dogs.
Winter Sports Activities
Greenland’s winter wonderland is perfect for outdoor lovers. Popular activities include:
- Ice fishing on frozen lakes
- Snowshoeing through silent forests
- Cross-country skiing across vast white expanses
| Activity | Best Time | Location |
|---|---|---|
| Northern Lights Viewing | October – February | Countrywide |
| Dog Sledding | Late Winter – Early Spring | Ilulissat, Sisimiut |
| Ice Fishing | December – March | Frozen lakes and fjords |
Winter in Greenland has limited daylight and extreme cold. But it rewards visitors with amazing Arctic experiences. Book tours and accommodations early, as spots can fill up fast during this magical season.
Spring in Greenland (March to May)
Spring in Greenland offers a mix of winter and summer experiences. As temperatures rise, the landscape changes dramatically. This season is perfect for planning an exciting Greenland vacation.
March and April are still cold, with temperatures from -11°C to -1°C. These months are great for dog sledding and seeing the Northern Lights. Both activities are available until early April.
May brings warmer weather, with temperatures between -2°C and 3°C. Migratory birds return, and whale watching begins. Bowhead whales feed on krill from March to May.
Daylight hours increase rapidly during spring. By late May, some areas have almost 24 hours of sunlight. This extended daylight is great for outdoor activities and photography.
- Dog sledding adventures (until April)
- Northern Lights viewing (until early April)
- Whale watching opportunities
- Increasing daylight hours
- Milder temperatures for outdoor activities
Spring in Greenland offers unique experiences with fewer crowds. You might find deals on accommodations during this time. It’s an excellent season for your Arctic adventure.
Wildlife Viewing Seasons
Greenland’s wildlife attracts many visitors from June to September. These months offer the best opportunities for wildlife viewing and other activities. Tourists can enjoy prime seasonal experiences during this time.
Whale Watching Periods
Late summer is perfect for whale watching in Greenland. From July to September, humpbacks, orcas, and narwhals visit coastal waters. Many species swim close to shore, providing amazing viewing chances.
Land Animals Spotting
Musk oxen and Arctic foxes can be seen year-round in certain areas. The Arctic Circle Trail is popular among wildlife enthusiasts. It spans 160 kilometers from Kangerlussuaq to Sisimiut.
Reindeer sightings are common, especially during summer. Snow-free coasts make it easier to spot these animals in warmer months.
Bird Migration Times
Spring and fall are prime seasons for bird migrations. About 60 species nest during March and April. Summer months offer the best bird watching experiences.
Seabirds and birds of prey are plentiful from June to August. These add to Greenland’s rich array of seasonal activities.
| Season | Wildlife Highlights |
|---|---|
| Summer (Jun-Aug) | Whales, land animals, nesting birds |
| Fall (Sep-Oct) | Bird migrations, last whale sightings |
| Winter (Nov-Feb) | Arctic foxes, limited viewing |
| Spring (Mar-May) | Bird migrations, emerging land animals |
Cruise Season Guide
Greenland’s cruise season runs from June to September, with some trips extending into early October. This period coincides with Greenland’s short but gorgeous summer. Planning your trip during this time ensures the best experience.
Summer cruises showcase Greenland’s spectacular coastline, icebergs, and fjords. The average temperature is 10°C, perfect for outdoor activities. Visitors might spot whales, musk oxen, and arctic foxes during their voyage.
Cruise durations range from 8 days to 3 weeks. Basic itineraries start at $4,000 for shared cabins. Longer trips in private cabins can cost between $10,000 and $20,000. Don’t forget to budget for flights, which typically start at $1,000 from the USA.
| Cruise Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Peak Season | June to September |
| Average Temperature | 10°C |
| Shortest Itinerary | 8 days |
| Longest Itinerary | 3+ weeks |
| Starting Price | $4,000 (shared cabin) |
Must-see destinations include the Ilulissat Icefjord, famous for its active glacier. The Nuuk Fjord, the world’s second-largest, is another popular stop. Book early for the best options.
Consider shoulder season trips for potential savings and fewer crowds. This can enhance your Greenland vacation experience while staying within your budget.
Northern Lights Viewing Period
Greenland’s Northern Lights season runs from late September to early April. This natural light show attracts visitors worldwide. The best weather for viewing this enchanting spectacle occurs during these months.
Prime Viewing Months
December to February offer the highest chance of seeing strong auroras. Winter’s long, dark nights create ideal conditions for spotting these celestial displays.
Best Locations for Aurora Viewing
Greenland offers several stellar spots for aurora watching:
- Kangerlussuaq: With over 300 clear nights annually, it’s a top choice
- Sisimiut: Just north of the polar circle, reachable by a short flight
- Ilulissat: Known for its icefjord and Northern Lights views
- Nuuk: The capital city offers aurora sightings despite some light pollution
Photography Tips
To capture the Northern Lights:
- Use a tripod for stability
- Set your camera to manual mode
- Use a wide-angle lens with a large aperture
- Set ISO between 800 and 3200
- Use a long exposure of 15-30 seconds
Patience is crucial when waiting for the Northern Lights. Plan to spend several hours outside. This increases your chances of seeing this breathtaking sky show.
Regional Weather Variations
Greenland’s size creates different climates across regions. This guide helps you plan your visit based on activities and weather. You’ll find the best time to explore Greenland’s unique landscape.
Southern areas have milder temperatures than northern regions. Kangerlussuaq, in central-western Greenland, has varied temperatures throughout the year. January averages -16°C (3°F), while July reaches 15°C (59°F).
Rainfall in Kangerlussuaq is low. March sees only 2 mm, while August gets 28 mm. Ilulissat, on the western coast, has warmer winters.
In Ilulissat, January temperatures hover around -10°C (14°F). July temperatures climb to 12°C (54°F). This area gets more rain, with September receiving 41 mm.
| Location | Winter Low | Summer High | Annual Precipitation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kangerlussuaq | -24°C (-11°F) | 15°C (59°F) | 2-28 mm |
| Ilulissat | -18°C (0°F) | 12°C (54°F) | 10-41 mm |
Your interests determine the best time to visit Greenland. Summer (June-August) brings mild temperatures and midnight sun. It’s great for hiking and spotting wildlife.
Winter (October-February) offers unique experiences. You can go dog sledding and see the Northern Lights. Ilulissat and Sisimiut are top spots for these activities.
What to Pack by Season
Greenland’s travel seasons require specific gear for comfort. Packing the right items ensures an enjoyable Arctic adventure. Let’s explore essentials for each season.
Summer Essentials
Greenland summers, from June to August, bring milder temperatures. They range from 0°C to 16°C (32°F to 60°F). Pack these key items:
- Layered clothing (lightweight wool or quick-dry fabrics)
- Windproof/waterproof jacket and pants
- Hiking boots with ankle support
- Sun protection (high SPF sunscreen, sunglasses, hat)
- Insect repellent and mosquito head net
- Sleeping mask for midnight sun
Winter Requirements
Greenland winters call for serious cold-weather gear. Include these essential items:
- Insulated, waterproof boots
- Thermal base layers
- Heavy-duty winter coat
- Warm hat, gloves, and scarf
- Hand and foot warmers
- Polarized sunglasses for snow glare
Spring and Fall Necessities
For shoulder seasons, pack versatile items:
- Warm, moisture-wicking layers
- Fleece or wool sweaters
- Waterproof hiking pants
- Sturdy, waterproof boots
- Light gloves and warm hat
- Daypack for excursions
Greenland’s weather can change quickly. Pack varied layers to adapt to conditions. Use soft duffel bags or backpacks for easy transport.
Don’t forget a power bank and European plug adapter. These are crucial for keeping your electronics charged.
Transportation and Accessibility by Season
Planning a Greenland trip requires knowledge of seasonal transport options. Air travel is the main year-round mode. Flights from Copenhagen to Kangerlussuaq take about 4½ hours. From Reykjavik to Greenland, flights last 2 to 3 hours.
Summer offers the most diverse transportation choices. Internal flights increase from June to August. Boat services connect coastal towns during this time. It’s perfect for exploring remote areas and whale watching near Disco Island in May.
Winter changes Greenland’s landscape and travel options. Dog sledding becomes popular from January to April in northern regions. Some areas become inaccessible due to ice. However, you can enjoy unique experiences like Northern Lights viewing from September to March.
Spring and fall have their own challenges and opportunities. August ends summer activities, while May welcomes back certain wildlife. Year-round, flights to smaller towns operate on specific days with stops and transfers.
- Ilulissat, the third most populous city, offers summer whale safaris
- Ferries to Sisimiut run weekly
- Excursions to the Greenland Ice Sheet average 4-5 hours
- Limited accommodations in remote areas require advance booking
Greenland’s vast size causes regional variations in accessibility and activities. The country stretches 2,670 km from north to south. This affects travel options throughout the year.
Conclusion
The best time to visit Greenland depends on your interests. Summer (June to August) brings mild temperatures and longer days. It’s perfect for outdoor activities but can be crowded and expensive.
Winter (November to February) offers unique experiences like Northern Lights and dog sledding. Spring and fall provide a balance of good weather and fewer tourists.
Eastern Greenland is best explored in summer when sea ice melts. This allows for boat trips and wildlife viewing.
Greenland accommodations can be limited and costly. A homestay in Ilulissat costs about 1,000 DKK per night. Budget travelers might consider the Sarfaq Ittuk ferry along the western coast.
Book well in advance, even nine months ahead. This helps secure reasonably-priced accommodations.
Greenland offers amazing experiences year-round. Consider your priorities and budget to plan your perfect Arctic adventure. Whether you prefer endless summer days or winter’s auroras, Greenland won’t disappoint.
FAQ
When is the best time to see the Northern Lights in Greenland?
Greenland’s Northern Lights are best seen from late September to early April. These long, dark nights offer perfect conditions for aurora viewing. Peak opportunities typically occur between November and February.
What is the warmest month to visit Greenland?
July is Greenland’s warmest month, with coastal temperatures averaging 5°C to 15°C (41°F to 59°F). This climate is perfect for outdoor activities like hiking and kayaking.
When can I experience the Midnight Sun in Greenland?
Greenland’s Midnight Sun occurs during summer. In Nuuk, it’s visible from early June to early July. Northern regions like Ilulissat enjoy longer Midnight Sun periods, usually from late May to late July.
What is the best time for whale watching in Greenland?
Whale watching in Greenland is best from June to September. Various whale species visit Greenlandic waters during this time. Some areas offer whale sightings from May to October.
When does the cruise season start and end in Greenland?
Greenland’s cruise season typically runs from late May to early September. July and August are the busiest months. Some expedition cruises may operate in early May or late September, depending on ice conditions.
Is it possible to visit Greenland in winter?
Winter visits to Greenland are possible and offer unique experiences. You can see Northern Lights, go dog sledding, and try ice fishing. However, travel options may be limited and some areas inaccessible.
Winter trips need careful planning and proper cold-weather gear. Weather conditions can affect accessibility to certain regions.
What is the best time for hiking in Greenland?
Greenland’s best hiking season is from June to August. This period offers favorable weather and longer daylight hours. Some trails may be accessible in late May or early September, depending on local conditions.
